Environmental Science – Biodiversity Practice Test 2025 - Free Biodiversity Practice Questions and Study Guide

Genetic diversity within species plays a crucial role in a population's ability to adapt to changing environments. This diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species, which enables different individuals to possess a range of traits. When environmental conditions shift—such as changes in climate, food availability, or the presence of diseases—species with higher genetic diversity have a better chance of survival because some individuals may possess advantageous traits that allow them to thrive under new circumstances.

For instance, in a diverse population of plants, some may have genetic traits that allow them to withstand drought better than others. This trait is particularly valuable during periods of water scarcity. As conditions change, individuals with beneficial adaptations are more likely to survive and reproduce, thereby passing on those traits to future generations. This process is fundamental to natural selection and enables species to evolve over time.

In contrast, low genetic diversity can lead to inbreeding and a reduced ability to adapt, making species more vulnerable to extinction in the face of environmental changes. Therefore, the importance of genetic diversity is emphasized as a key factor in the resilience and sustainability of species in the natural world.